Young scientists

Ammonia

2009-03-03T22:09:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

This is colourless gas that has a sharp smell that irritates the eyes and nose. Ammonia is lighter than air and burns in pure oxygen (it does not burn in air). It is made of one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. Liquid ammonia is used as a cooling agent in refrigerators. It is also used for cleaning and removing grease.

Methane

2009-03-03T22:05:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

This is the simplest hydrocarbon. A hydrocarbon is made up from one carbon atom for every 4 atoms of hydrogen. Methane is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic and highly flammable gas. it is also called "marsh gas" because it is a natural product from rotting vegetation in marshes or bogs. Methane also makes up a large part of atmospheres of the gas giant planets in the solar systems: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Carbon dioxide

2009-03-03T22:00:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

This is colourless, odourless gas that makes up less than 1% of the Earth atmosphere. It is a compound made of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide is formed from carbonates (compounds containing carbon and oxygen) when they are heated, burned or treated with acid. For example, when coal, oil and wood are burned. Animals also produce carbon dioxide when breathing out.

Water

2009-03-03T21:53:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Water is a liquid that is made up of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. It is tasteless, odourless and colourless. Water is very good solvent that is able to dissolve many substances than many other liquids.

Make a wing

2009-03-03T03:26:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: string, paper (about 15cm x 8cm), sticky tape

1. Fold the paper in half by bringing the two shorter ends together.

2. Pull back one edge of paper by 2.5cm and tape down, so that one surface is longer than the other surface. This is the shape of an aerofoil

3. Thread the piece of string through the folded end and tie the ends of the string together. Turn the aerofoil to the other side.

4. Pull your aerofoil horizontally through the air and watch your wing rise.

Balloon in a bottle

2009-03-03T03:22:00.003-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: Plastic bottle, craft knife, balloon

1. Try blowing up a balloon in a bottle. Its impossible. This is because the air pressure inside the bottle will be greater than the air pressure inside the balloon.

2. Make a small slit in the side of the bottle

3. Now you can blow up the balloon in the bottle

Air pressure trick

2009-03-03T03:17:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: foam ball, funnel, bendable straw

1. Attach the straw to the narrow end of the funnel.

2. Place the foam ball in the funnel (funnel up)

3. Start to blow and keep blowing. Then quickly turn the funnel upside down.

What happened: the foam ball stays inside the funnel because of the air pressure. The air coming through the narrow end is fast moving, and therefore has less pressure than the slow moving air in the wide-end of the funnel. There is more air pressure in the wide-end of the funnel to keep the ball in the funnel.

Blow an air current

2009-03-03T03:07:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: 2 balloons, strings, straw

1. Blow up two balloons, and hang them about 30 cm apart using your string

2. Blow air between the balloons using your straw.

What happened: the balloons will come close together, the air will go around balloons pushing them together.

Tornado

2009-03-03T03:02:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: a bottle with a lid, water, vinegar, washing up liquid

1. Pour 2 third of water in our bottle, one table spoon of vinegar and one table spoon of washing up liquid. Mix

2. Start quickly rotating the bottle.

What happened: vortex appeared - whirlpool

A cool baloon

2009-03-03T02:57:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment:two balloons, ruler, refrigerator, a pen

1. Try to blow up both balloons equally

2. With the help of ruler and pen, draw at least 5 lines on each balloon

3. Place one balloon in the freezer for a while, and leave the other one outside. Take the balloon from the freezer and you will see that it has shrunk. Measure the markings once again and you will see that the distance between the marks has been reduced.

Sub-Zero Water

2009-03-03T02:53:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: container, bottle, thermometer, salt, ice, distilled water (we took ZamZam)

1. Fill the cube up to one third with water and throw two handfuls of salt.

2. Place 10 ice cubes into the water. Wait for the temperature to drop below 0 degrees Celsius.

3. Pour a small amount of distilled water into a very clean bottle. Place the test tube into the cube containing cold water for 10 minutes. Notice that water did not freeze. Now add some dust, and water will freeze.

Air that Rises

2009-03-03T02:32:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: bottle with two holes in the lid, plastic tube, cooking oil

1. Pour oil into the bottle so it almost reaches the top. Seal it with the lid. Push a tube into the bottle, so that it reaches the bottom of the bottle.

2. Blow into the tube in order to make an air bubble. (but be gentle - I did first time and oil went all over my dress)

3. Watch the air bubble carefully as it rises along the test tube. The bubble gets bigger and bigger as it rises. The same happens to the air in the atmosphere. This causes the air to cool.

Clouds

2009-03-03T02:26:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: container, plastic bottle, ice, straw, salt

1. Make 2 holes in a bottle's lid. Push straw in one of the holes.

2. Scatter ice in the bottom of the container, so it is going to be half full and next quarter put salt. Push bottle in the mixture as deep as possible.

3. Blow through the straw and see how a cloud is made.

What happened: What we breathe out contains a large quantity of water vapour - a gas that transforms itself into small water drops when hits the cold air of the test tube.

Formation of drops

2009-03-03T02:20:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: water sprinkler, water, mirror

1. Fill a spray bottle with cold water from the tap

2. Spray the water lightly and evenly on a mirror. You can see that the first droplets of water are too small and light to slip down the mirror

3. Now spray the water several times. Droplets are starting to form larger drops and are becoming heavier.

What happened: That is why they start slipping down the mirror.

Barometer

2009-03-03T02:13:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: glass, small balloon, ruler, elastic band, straw

1. Pull a flat balloon over a cup and fasten it with a rubber band

2. Cut a straw diagonally at one end so the end is pointed. Attach the un-cut end of the straw with sticky paper to the balloon.

3. Place a ruler next to the straw. The ruler should be upright.

What happened: As the pressure outside rises, the air in the cup is compressed. This causes the balloon to sag a little bit and the straw rises.

The cell made of copper, zinc and salt solution

2009-02-19T16:30:00.001-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: galvonoscope, zinc plate, copper plate, salt, cup of water

1. Attach zinc plate to one pole of our galvonoscope with a wire
2. Attach copper plate to another pole of our galvonoscope with wire

3. Put salt into the water

Put the zinc plate and copper plate into salty water.

what happened: the pointer of compass will react strongly, indicating flow of electricity

if you will change the wires that attach zinc plate and copper plate and the pointer will be moving opposite direction.

The discovery by Volta

2009-02-19T16:17:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: galvanoscope, two wires, zinc plate and copper plate, cup of water.

1. Attach zinc plate to one pole of our galvonoscope with a wire

2. Attach copper plate to another pole of our galvonoscope with wire

3. Put zinc plate over a copper plate.

Nothing happens

4. Put zinc plate and copper plate in the cup of water.

The pointer in the compass changes.

The galvonoscope reacts each time electricity is made. Cause of electric field around coil will change magnetic field and disturb our compass.

Galvonoscope

2009-02-19T16:13:00.001-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: plastic base, compass, coil

1. To make galvanoscope you need to place, compass on a plastic base with coil over it (across compass)

2. place compass in such a way that the arrow north should be always pointing north.

Magnetic field between two different poles.

2009-02-19T16:07:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: 2 pieces of laminations, magnet, cardboard, iron fillings

1. Place 2 pieces of laminations and a magnet as it is shown on the photo

2. place cardboard on the top of laminations and a magnet

3. sprinkle iron fillings on the top

What happened:

The iron fillings will arrange themselves along the magnetic lines of force.

The Mystery of Magnetism

2009-02-19T16:01:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: magnet as cylindrical rod, a metal cylindrical rod

1. Place one of the objects on the table and try to lift it with the other one touching the former somewher in the middle.

The experiment show that not only the magnet attracts the iron but the iron too attracts the magnet. Consequently, the two are reciprocally attracted.

Electrostatically charged metal spade attracts the electroscope pointer

2009-02-19T15:53:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: Electroscope, metal spade with a plastic handle, plastic plate

What happened:

1. Rub plastic plate against wool

2. Rub your metal spade against plastic plate

If we approach the electroscope pointer with the metal spade, the latter will attract the pointer.

Then wrap the metal spade, in a piece of paper or cloth and rub it against the plastic plate. Then through rubbing, the paper, the cloth, the metal spade all get electrostatically charged.

Electrostatically charged plastic attracts the electroscope pointer

2009-02-19T15:49:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: electroscope, plastic plate, wool

1. Rub plastic plate against wool

2. Put plastic plate to the piece of paper

The plastic plate will attract the pointer. The same experiment can be done with a comb, a piece of glass or sealing-wax. Through rubbing, the bodies become electrostatically charged.

A simple electroscope

2009-02-19T02:26:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: A metal rack attached to a plastic base, piece of paper 140x12 mm - of course depends on the size of your metal rack and a pin

1. Make a pin pass through piece of paper a little above its centre of gravity and serve as an axle.

Magnetic field between two identical poles

2009-02-13T22:36:00.001-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: magnet, piece of cardboard, iron fillings, two pieces of stator lamination

1. Place magnet on the table and add two pieces of stator lamination both touching the same magnetic pole

2. cover this with cardboard and sprinkle some iron fillings over it.

What happened: In this experiment you are not interested in the fillings immediately surrounding the magnet but in those between the two pieces of stator lamination. Here the iron fillings have remained in complete disarray, hence no magnetic lines of force exist in the field. On the other hand, outside the field encircled by the tow pieces of stator lamination, the magnetic lines of force form a very dense pattern of arcs.

Magnetic field

2009-02-13T22:31:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: piece of carboard, plastic stand, magnet, iron fillings

1. Place magnet on the table

2. Above it place plastic stand and cardboard on the top of it.

3. Sprinkle some iron fillings around, make sure it is on all the space around magnet ( I did it with pencil)

What happened: The fillings will arrange themselves along the invisible lines of force.

Even metals can be electrostatically charged

2009-02-13T22:25:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: Piece of wool, plastic plate, metal spade fixed to a plastic handle, two pencils

1. Place two pencils one across the other.

2. Rub plastic plate against wool (for at least a minute - better more)

3. Rub your metal spade against plastic plate

What happened: The electrostatically charged metal spade will attract pencil

As you see, even metals can become electrostatically charged through rubbing.

Electrostatically charged bodies are attracted

2009-02-13T22:19:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: Plastic plate, piece of wool, two pencils

1. Place two pencils of wood one across the other

2. Rub your plastic plate with wool

3. Approach the upper pencil with a plastic plate

What happened: you will see that pencil moved

Already in 600 B.C. the old Greeks discovered that amber (electon) attracted light objects, if they were rubbed against a hand or some material. That is where the term electriciy comes from.

Electric Spark - Thunder

2009-02-13T22:13:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: a plastic plate (could be a plastic ball anything that is small and plastic is good), piece of wool

1. Place a plastic plate on the table edge and rub it against wool (for at least a minute).

2. Then lift the plate and approach it with your finger knuckle. The electric spark will jump from the plate to your finger - in our case it was just a feeling - if you rub it not so long time you will feel that hair on your finger will raise.

A poem

2009-02-13T21:46:00.001-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

The rain is strong,
Singing its sweet song,
Cars are passing,
wheels are mashing,
I'm eating chips,
Jaw's ripping them to shrips,
Rain is falling,
Stones are rolling.

Senses

2009-02-12T16:00:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Senses

Sand paper feels rusty
While perfume smells musty
Feathers feel silky
White looks milky
Celery tastes like plastic
But I do not like touching elastic.

Volcanoes

2009-02-12T15:31:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Volcanoes

Humangous Maunaloa,
Noisy Kratatoa,
Suddenly a Blast,
One day it will last,
Krakatoa goes BUM,
Maunaloa goes BAM,
Your ears go deaf,
Everyone is running, including the chef,
It is so hard to run,
Absolutely not fun,
So much of Ash,
Worser than a rash.

Flying paper ;)

2009-02-12T04:40:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: Plastic ball, small piece of paper, wool

1. Rub ball on the wool quickly

2. Then put ball close to the small bits of paper

What happened: The wool gives Electrons to the ball, then ball gives this electrons to the paper. That is how process of static electricity happens!!!

Mysterious energy

2009-02-12T03:16:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: Magnet pad, toy car, Magnet

1. Attach magnet to the toy car.

2. Take magnet pad and make sure that pole of the magnet pad and magnet is the same

What happened: Our little car will start moving. MashaAllah!!!!

The same experiment can be performed by simply attaching with sticky paper a magnet to a toy car, and another magnet to a stick.

Bouncing rings

2009-02-12T03:05:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh

Equipment: Plastic stand, three round magnets

1. Put one magnet on the end of the stand.

2. The next magnet you have to put in such a way that the pole of the previous magnet will be the same as the next one.

3. Do the same with third one

What happened - If you put magnet to another magnet with the same pole -they will repel

Magnetic levitation

2009-02-11T04:20:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: sticky paper, card, a magnet, paper clip, piece of string

1. We have to attach our paper clip to the string and then string with clay to our card

2. To attract our paper clip to the magnet

We will be able to see that if you pull your magnet a little bit far from paper clip, paper clip will still be attracted to the magnet, cause of magnet field around the magnet. Stronger the magnet, stronger the field.

Homemade magnetic compass

2009-02-11T04:12:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: one floating paper, paper clip, magnet, compass, water, dish, sticky paper.

1. We have to "magnetise" our paper clip by rubbing it in one direction against our magnet

2. Pour water in the dish and stick our magnetised paper clip to the floating piece of paper with sticky paper

3. Take compass and check how correctly our homemade compass is working.

Alhamdulilyah ours worked perfect!!!!

Magnetic Attraction

2009-02-11T04:00:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: two magnets, paper clips

1. We were placing our magnets over paper clips, first only one magnet and at the distance to paper clip of 2 cm paper clips got attracted to magnet. Then we did the same experiment with 2 magnets at the same time and paper clips got attracted to our magnets at the distance of 3 cm. That means that two magnets have stronger magnetic power than just one

2. Then we rubbed one paper clip to our magnet. You have to do about 50 rubs to a magnet making sure you are doing it in one direction. And then our paper clip got magnetised. And started to attract other paper clips as it is shown on the picture.

Magnetism: Attract and repent

2009-02-11T03:45:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: piece of string, card, 2 magnets and piece of clay.

Notes:

1. We have to attach one magnet with clay to our card

2. Tie with piece of a string another magnet.

3. Bring it close on a string to another magnet

When we put south to south you could feel them repel each other (which we show on the picture but picture did not turn out as good as you would be able to see). But when we put south to north they attract and come together.

My first post

2009-02-10T22:08:00.000-08:00

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Today I make my first post. I will start with a poem, inshaAllah.

Chocho (that is name of my bird)

All yellow,
Sweat fellow,
So fast,
Never being the last,
Bird singer,
Biting my finger.