Ammonia

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

This is colourless gas that has a sharp smell that irritates the eyes and nose. Ammonia is lighter than air and burns in pure oxygen (it does not burn in air). It is made of one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. Liquid ammonia is used as a cooling agent in refrigerators. It is also used for cleaning and removing grease.

Methane

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

This is the simplest hydrocarbon. A hydrocarbon is made up from one carbon atom for every 4 atoms of hydrogen. Methane is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic and highly flammable gas. it is also called "marsh gas" because it is a natural product from rotting vegetation in marshes or bogs. Methane also makes up a large part of atmospheres of the gas giant planets in the solar systems: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Carbon dioxide

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

This is colourless, odourless gas that makes up less than 1% of the Earth atmosphere. It is a compound made of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. Carbon dioxide is formed from carbonates (compounds containing carbon and oxygen) when they are heated, burned or treated with acid. For example, when coal, oil and wood are burned. Animals also produce carbon dioxide when breathing out.

Water

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Water is a liquid that is made up of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. It is tasteless, odourless and colourless. Water is very good solvent that is able to dissolve many substances than many other liquids.

Make a wing

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: string, paper (about 15cm x 8cm), sticky tape

1. Fold the paper in half by bringing the two shorter ends together.

2. Pull back one edge of paper by 2.5cm and tape down, so that one surface is longer than the other surface. This is the shape of an aerofoil

3. Thread the piece of string through the folded end and tie the ends of the string together. Turn the aerofoil to the other side.

4. Pull your aerofoil horizontally through the air and watch your wing rise.

Balloon in a bottle

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: Plastic bottle, craft knife, balloon

1. Try blowing up a balloon in a bottle. Its impossible. This is because the air pressure inside the bottle will be greater than the air pressure inside the balloon.

2. Make a small slit in the side of the bottle

3. Now you can blow up the balloon in the bottle

Air pressure trick

AsSalyamu `Aleykum wa RahmatuLlahi wa Barakatuh,

Equipment: foam ball, funnel, bendable straw

1. Attach the straw to the narrow end of the funnel.

2. Place the foam ball in the funnel (funnel up)

3. Start to blow and keep blowing. Then quickly turn the funnel upside down.

What happened: the foam ball stays inside the funnel because of the air pressure. The air coming through the narrow end is fast moving, and therefore has less pressure than the slow moving air in the wide-end of the funnel. There is more air pressure in the wide-end of the funnel to keep the ball in the funnel.